Mkaka, whey ndi mkaka

Nthawi zambiri ntchito ceramic nembanemba kusefera dongosolo kulekanitsa Concentrated mkaka mapuloteni (MPC) ndi isolated mkaka mapuloteni (MPI) ndi mwatsopano skim mkaka.Hei ali olemera mu casein ndi whey mapuloteni, kuphatikiza kashiamu wolemera ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta abwino komanso kutsitsimula pakamwa.

Mapuloteni amkaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo ndi abwino pazakudya za tchizi, zinthu zopanga, zakumwa zamkaka, zakudya zamakanda, zakudya zachipatala, zowongolera kulemera, zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zakudya zamasewera.

Nthawi zambiri, mapuloteni amkaka amawunikira amapereka gwero lokhazikika la mapuloteni kuti azitha kumva komanso kugwira ntchito pomaliza kugwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse zakudya.Mapuloteni a mkaka wosakanizidwa amakhala m'malo mwa ufa wa mkaka wonse (WMP), ufa wa skim milk (SMP) ndi ufa wina wa mkaka, kupereka mapuloteni omwewo, kapena ngati mkaka wopanda mafuta (MSNF).Poyerekeza ndi mkaka wamba kapena skim mkaka ufa, anaikira mkaka mapuloteni ndi mkulu mapuloteni, otsika lactose makhalidwe.

Njira yachikhalidwe yoletsa kutentha kwambiri imawononga michere yambiri yomwe imagwira mkaka mu mkaka koma ukadaulo wocheperako wa ceramic membrane kusefera kuwonongeratu kutseketsa kwachikhalidwe kwa mkaka wamkaka.Njira ya kusefedwa kwa mkaka ndi kumveketsa bwino ndikupanga mkaka watsopano wamadzimadzi amadzimadzi kudzera muukadaulo wa ukadaulo wa ceramic membrane ndikupewa kutentha kwa mapuloteni.

Kuchotsa Mabakiteriya
Monga zakudya zambiri, mkaka ndi zotuluka zake zimapereka malo abwino owononga tizilombo.Choncho, pretreatment ndi kutentha, nthawi magawo ayenera kusankhidwa kulamulira kukula kwa tizilombo.Chithandizo cha kutentha ndi kutsekereza kwa centrifugal ndi njira zachikhalidwe zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya mu mkaka ndi mkaka, koma njirazi zili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake.Njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera mabakiteriya mu mkaka zimakhala ndi masitepe ochulukirapo komanso okwera mtengo, moyo waufupi, kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, kuyeretsa kosasangalatsa.Komabe, kusefera kwa mkaka wa ceramic membrane kumatha kuthetsa mavutowa.

Ukadaulo wolekanitsa wama membrane umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mabakiteriya mu mkaka, zomwe zimachokera ku mfundo yakuti nembanemba imakhala ndi mitengo yosungiramo zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana a mkaka, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya ndi spores.Mabakiteriya amatha kukana kupitilira 99%, pomwe ma casin amatha kufika pafupifupi 99%.

Ukadaulo wolekanitsa wamamembrane uli ndi nembanemba yabwino komanso yotseketsa, imatha kuchotseratu mabakiteriya mu mkaka wamadzimadzi, nthawi yomweyo kukoma kwa mkaka kwasinthidwanso.

Ukadaulo wolekanitsa ma membrane pakuziziritsa kuzizira ndi njira yomwe mkaka watsopano umatenthedwa mpaka madigiri pafupifupi 50 ndipo mkaka wa skim umadutsa pamakina olekanitsa mkaka.Ndiye pa tsiku lomwelo mwatsopano skim mkaka umapanga kusefera yotseketsa, kuphatikiza ndi mkulu-kutentha yomweyo njira yotseketsa njira yolera yotseketsa, kuti apeze mkaka wapamwamba kwambiri.Chotero otsika kutentha yolera yotseketsa lokhalabe wabwino amakambirana ndi zakudya, wolemera fungo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyeretsa kwa membrane ndikosavuta kukonzanso, kotero kuti kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba kungathe kuwongolera komanso kusinthasintha kwapamwamba komanso kokhazikika kwa membrane kumatha kusungidwa.Kugwiritsa ntchito nembanemba kulekana luso kuzizira yolera yotseketsa mkaka, zinchito zigawo zikuluzikulu akhoza anakhalabe pa kukonzanso kulekana ntchito, ndi njira yabwino yolera yotseketsa mkaka.

Whey Caseim Kuchotsa Bakiteriya
Casein ndiye gawo lofunikira la df tchizi wamba.Popanga tchizi, casein imayamba chifukwa cha zochita za ma enzymes a rennet, ndipo coagulum imapangidwa yokhala ndi casein, mapuloteni a whey, mafuta, lactose ndi mchere wamkaka.

Ukadaulo kulekana kwa Membrane ntchito kuthetsa mabakiteriya mu mkaka, amene zachokera mfundo yakuti nembanemba ali osiyana zinthu posungira mitengo mu zigawo zosiyanasiyana za mkaka, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya ndi spores.Bacteria akhoza kupanga kukana mlingo woposa 99%, pamene casein. Kutumiza kumatha kufika pafupifupi 99%.